Use this free online buffer calculator to prepare common laboratory buffers by target pH, strength, salt or hydrate form, and final volume, with pH-suitability guidance and fixed recipes for PBS, TBS, TAE, TBE, SSC, and TE.
References for buffer calculator logic: Henderson-Hasselbalch buffer pH ratios, pKa-guided buffer ranges, Good's biological buffers, enzyme-assay buffer preparation, and salt or hydrate molecular-weight checks. Mol Biology Tools implementation code is original.